abhāva

無性/ 非有

non-existent

abhilāpa-viśliṣṭa

性離言說

disjoined from speech/ words

abhiniviṣṭa

所執

attached to

abhipreta

欲

wish

abhisamāgacchant

證入現觀

directly realizing

abhiyoga-ja

精勤修學所生

resulting from the exertion of practice

ācārya-muṣṭim

祕吝

the close-fistedness of a teacher

ādaram

殷重

enthusiasm

adhikaṃ karoti

增

adds

adhiṣṭhāna

所依

support

adhyupekṣitum

棄捨

to abandon

advaya

不二/ 無二

non-duality

āgama

聖言

scriptures

aham iti vikalpa

「我」分別

discrimination of “I”

akartukāma

無欲樂

not wish to do

ākāśa

空

space

akhinna

無厭倦

unwearied

ākiñcanyāyatana

無所有處

the sphere of nothingness

aklānta-citta

心無勞倦

mentally unwearied

aklānta-kāya

身無勞倦

physically unwearied

akuśala

不善

unskilful/ unwholesome

ālambana

所緣

cognitive object

alaṅkāra-upavicāra

莊嚴具

adornments

amanāpa

不可意

unpleasant

amāyāvī

無誑

without being deceitful

anādi

無始

beginningless

anāgata

未來

future

anāsrava

無漏

without outflow

anāsrava-jñāna

無漏智

outflow-free knowledge

anāsrava-jñāna-āvāhaka

能引無漏智

which induces the outflow-free knowledge

anāsrava-pṛṣṭhalabdha-jñāna

無漏後得智

knowledge obtained subsequent to the outflow-free knowledge

anāvaraṇa

無障礙

free from hindrance

anekavidha

非一[種]

manifold

anidarśana

無見

invisible

anta-dvaya-varjitā

遠離二邊

free from both extremes (existent and non-existent)

anudaya

不生起

non-arising

anugama

隨順

in conformity

anukampācitta

愍心

thoughts of sympathy

anumāna-pramāṇa

比量

inference

anupaga

無著

non-clinging

anuśaṃsa

勝利

benefit

anuśaṃsa-darśin

見勝利

sees the benefits of the merits

anuśliṣṭa-lakṣaṇa

合相

combined characteristics

anuvicārita

隨伺

investigated

anuvitarkita

隨尋

reasoned

anyonya

展轉

mutually

apara-pratyayatva

不從他緣

being non-dependent on others

aparijñāta

不了知

not having fully understood

apariniṣpannatva

不成實

the fact of not having been accomplished

apavāda

損減

denial/ negation

apavādikā

損減

negating (adj.)

apramāṇa

無量

infinite

apratibala

無力能

incapable

apratigha

無對

non-resistant

apriya-vikalpa

非愛分別

discrimination of the unpleasant

apsaṃjñā

水想

ideation of water

āptāgama-pramāṇa

至教量

scriptural authority

āptāgamata

至教

scriptures

ārūḍha

乘御

mounted

arūpin

無色

immaterial/ non-material

asadbhūta-samāropa

增益實無

superimposition onto the non-existent

aśakta

無力

not capable

āśām

意望

aspiration

asaṃgrāha/ asadgrāha

妄執/ 邪執

false-grasping

asaṃhāryatā

不可引奪

incapability of being led astray

asaṃkliṣṭa

無雜染

undefiled

asaṃlīna-citta

心無怯弱

mind not cowed

asaṃskṛta

無為

unconditioned

asaṃvidyamānatā

無所有

the fact of not being found

aśaṭha

無諂

without cheating

asmi-māna

我慢

self-arrogance

āśritya

依

relying on

āśu

速疾

quickly

aśubha

不淨

revolting

atīta

過去

past

ativartate

越度

proceed further

ātman

我

self

avakrānti

悟入

realization

avaśiṣṭa

餘

the remains

avasthāna

久住/ 住

remaining long/ remaining

aviparītā

無倒

not topsy turvy

avyāhata

無所罣礙

unhindered

avyāhatagati

所行無礙

unobstructed in his action

avyākṛta

無記

non-defined/ undefined

āyati

當來世

the future

ayoniśo vikalpayitvā

不如理虛妄分別

conceptualizing improperly

bahu-nānā-prakāra

眾多品類差別

the manifold and innumerable types and categories

bāla

愚夫

fool

bhāgīya

品類/ 類

division/ category

bhāṇḍopaskara

資產什物

utensils

bhāva

有性/ 有

existent

bhāvanā

修習

cultivation

bhikṣu

苾芻

monk

bhinna-lakṣaṇa

離相

distinctive characteristics

bhojana

食

food

bhūtāpavāda

損減實有

denial of the true existent

bhūtatā

真實性

true nature

bhūyasyā mātrayā

倍於

to a greater and greater extent

cakṣus

眼

eye

catur-brāhma-vihāra

四種梵住

the Four Brāhma Abodes

catvāry āryasatyāni

四聖諦

the Four Noble Truths

cittaśānti

心寂靜

mental peace

cyuti

歿

death

darśana-tulyatā

所見同性

similarity in seeing

devāḥ

諸天眾

gods

dhāraṇa

護持

upholding

dharma-lakṣaṇa-saṃgṛhīta

法相所攝

subsumed as dharma-characteristic

dharma-nairātmya-praveśa

入法無我

penetration into the selflessness of dharma-s

dharma-netrī

法眼

dharma-eye

dharmatā

法性

dharma nature

dharma-vinaya

法毘奈耶

the Buddhist system

dhārmikī

如法

righteous

dhyāyati

修靜慮

meditates

dīrgha-kālam

長時

for a long time

doṣa

過失

fault

dṛḍha-sannāha-prayoga

堅固甲冑加行

firm armour-like effort

dṛḍha-vīryatā

精進堅牢

firm diligence

dṛṣṭa-śruta-mata-vijñāta

見聞覺知

that which is seen, heard, experienced/ known, cognized

dṛṣṭe dharme

於現法中

in the present life

duḥkha-samudaya-nirodha-mārgāḥ

苦集滅道

Suffering, Cause of Suffering, Cessation and the Path to its cessation

duḥkha-upanipāta

遭遇苦難

occurrences of difficulties/ suffering

dūrānupraviṣṭa

能深入

deeply penetrated into

durgṛhītā śūnyatā

惡取空

emptiness wrongly grasped

dveṣa

瞋

hatred/ aversion

ekatya

一類

a type

gandha

香

smell/ odour/ perfume

gāthābhigīta

說頌

reciting a verse

ghrāṇa

鼻

nose

gocara-viṣaya

所行境界

object-field of activity-domain

grāha

執

grasp

gṛha

舍

house

guṇavat/ guṇavant

具功德

virtuous

hetuka

因

cause

hīna

下劣

inferior

icchati

信受

accept

jāti-jarā-vyādhi-maraṇa-ādika-duḥkha

生老病死等苦

duḥkha comprising birth, old age, illness, death etc.

jihvā

舌

tongue

jīva

命者

life

jñāna

智

knowledge

jñeya-āvaraṇa

所知障

knowable-hindrance

jñeya-āvaraṇa-viśuddhi-jñāna-gocara

所知障淨智所行

activity-domain of knowledge characterized by the purity of the knowable-hindrance

jñeya-paryantagatā

所知邊際

extreme limit of a knowable

jñeyasyābhilāpa

所知境界言說

what is said of the knowable

jñeya-vastu

所知事

the knowable object-base

kālika

世

time

kānti

愛

desire

kāruṇya-citta

悲心

thoughts of compassion

kāya

身

body

kleśa-āvaraṇa

煩惱障

defilement-hindrance

kleśa-āvaraṇa-viśuddhi-jñāna-gocara

煩惱障淨智所行

activity-domain of knowledge characterized by the purity of the defilement-hindrance

kleśa-praśāntatā

煩惱寂靜

the fact of the appeasement of defilements

kleśa-upakleśa

本惑隨惑

primary and secondary defilements

kṣama

忍

forebearing

kṣipram

速疾

quickly

kuśala

善

skilful

kutra

何處

where

lābha-satkāra

利養恭敬

gains and/ or honour

laghu laghu

速疾

very quickly

laukika-jñāna

世間智

worldly knowledge

loka

世間

the world

loka-nirvartaka

能起世間

producer of the world

loka-prasiddha

世間極成

established universally by the world

madhyama

中

medium

madhyamā pratipad

中道

the Middle Way separated from the two extremes

mahān upāyaḥ

廣大方便

great means

mahā-smṛti-bala

大念力

power of great mindfulness

Mahāyāna-adhimukti

大乘勝解

conviction in the Mahāyāna

mama iti vikalpa

「我所」分別

discrimination of “mine”

māna-mūla

慢根本

root of conceit

manāpa

可意

pleasant

manas

意

the mind

manasā-anuvitarkita-anuvicārita

意隨尋伺

subsequent reasoning and investigation by the mind

manda-krodhatā

性薄瞋忿

be slow to anger

māyā

幻

illusion

mayatā

分

composition

mīmāṃsaka

能伺察者

one who is analytical

mithyā-vikalpa

邪分別

false discrimination

moha

愚癡

ignorance

muhyati

迷惑

deludes

muni

牟尼

sage

na-eva-saṃjñā-na-āsaṃjñā-āyatana

非想非非想處

the sphere of neither ideation nor non-ideation

nāma-eṣaṇā-āgata

名尋思所引

derived from the investigation into name

nāma-mātra

唯名

mere name

nāman

名

name

nāma-paryeṣaṇā

名尋思

investigation of name

namas

敬禮

salutation to

nāma-saṃjñā-abhilāpa-paribhāvita

名想言說所顯

manifested by name, ideation and speech

nāma-saṃjñā-abhilāpa-parigṛhīta

名想言說所攝

sustained by name, ideation and speech

nāstika

無者

nihilist

naya

道理

principle

nidarśana

有見

visible

nigraha

能摧/ 摧伏

refutation

niḥsvabhāva

無自性

without intrinsic nature

nirabhilāpya

不可言說

ineffable

nirabhilāpya-dharmatā

離言法性

the ineffable dharma nature

nirabhilāpya-svabhāvatā

離言自性

the ineffable intrinsic nature/ the state of the ineffable intrinsic nature

nirākaroti

止

declines

nirmāṇa

變化

transformation/ magical creation

nirmānatara

憍慢漸減

more and more humble

nirnimittatā

無相

the absence of signs/ the fact of the absence of signs

nirūpita

顯

indicate

niruttara/ niruttarā

無上

unsurpassed/ supreme

nirvāṇa-saṃbhāra

涅槃資糧

provision for nirvāṇa

nirvastukatā

無事

the absence of the object-base/ the fact of the absence of the object-base

nirvikalpa-jñāna

無分別智

non-conceptualizing knowledge

niścita-adhimukti

決定勝解

determined conviction

niṣprapañca

無戲論

proliferation-free

niśritya

依止/ 依

having relied/ relied on/ basing on

nistṛṣṇa

遠離貪愛

free from craving

nivartate

退轉

recoils

nyūna

劣

inferior

nyūnīkaroti

減

subtracts

pāna

飲

drink

pañcābhijñā

五種神通

the Five Higher Knowledges

pāpārucitā

不樂惡

disinclined towards evil

parama

最勝

ultimate

paramāptāgama

最勝至教

the highest teachings

paramārtha

勝義

highest meaning

paramārtha-satya

勝義諦

absolute truth

parama-śūnyatā-adhimokṣa

最勝空性勝解

resolute conviction in supreme emptiness

parama-tattva-jñāna

極真智

knowledge of the Supreme Reality

paraṃparāgata

展轉傳來

successively passed down

parapravādi

外道異論

heretical theories

paricita

積聚/ 所積聚

accrued

parigṛhīta

攝受/ 所攝受

be subsumed

parijñāna

了知/ 智

complete knowledge

pariṇāma

變

transformation

parinirvāyan

入般涅槃

entering Parinirvāṇa

paripāka

成熟

maturation

pariśrama

劬勞

fatigue

pariśuddha

清淨

completely purified

parityāga

捨

completely give away

paryavadāta

鮮白

completely clarified

paryeṣaṇā

尋思

investigation

paryeṣita

求/ 所求

aspired

paśyati

觀見/ 觀察

sees

piṇḍa-grāha-vikalpa

總執分別

discrimination of the grasping of the whole

prabhāvita

所顯

being manifested

pradhāna-nāstika

最極無者

the foremost nihilist

prādurbhāva

生起

manifestation

prahāṇa

能斷

abandonment

prajahāti

斷滅

abandons

prajñapti

虛假/假立

concept/ designation

prajñapti-mātra

唯假

mere-designation

prajñapti-vāda

假說

conceptual designation

prajñapti-vāda-nimitta-adhiṣṭhāna

假說相處

the foundational-cause for conceptual designation

prajñapti-vāda-nimitta-saṃniśraya

假說相依

the support-cause for conceptual designation

prajñapti-vāda-svabhāva

假說自性

the intrinsic nature of conceptual designation

prajñapti-vāda-svabhāvatā

假說自性

the fact of the intrinsic nature of conceptual designation

prajñapti-vāda-upacāra

假說詮表

the figurative expression of conceptual designation

prakāśana

能顯

declaration

prakīrṇa-lapita

諠雜語論

frivolous talk

prakṛti-bhadra-kalyāṇatā

性極賢善

naturally virtuous and good

prakṛti

性

naturally

prakṣipati

捨

rejects

praṇaṣṭa

失壞

lost/ perished

praṇidhāna

正願

vow

prapañca

戲論

conceptual proliferation

prāpta

得/ 所得

obtained

prārthayate

多願樂

aspires

prasāda-adhimukti-vivarjita

遠離清淨勝解

distanced from deep faith and resolve

pratibhāsa

光影

appearance

pratibimba

影像

image

praticchannakalyāṇa

轉覆自善

to conceal his own goodness

pratīghāta

礙/ 有對

obstruction/ resistant

pratipanna

修行

practised

pratiśrutkā

響應

echo

pratītya

緣

depending on

pratītya-samutpanna

緣生

dependent origination

pratītya-samutpanna-saṃskārāḥ

緣生諸行

dependent co-arisen conditioning forces

pratividhyati

通達

directly realizes

prativinodana

除遣

removal

prativiśiṣṭa

勝

superior

pratyakṣa-pramāṇa

現量

direct perception

pratyupakāra

酬報

reciprocation

pratyutpanna

現在

present

pravartate

轉/ 起

arises

pravicinvant

極善思擇

investigating

prayoga

修行

effort

priya-vikalpa

愛分別

discrimination of the pleasant

pṛthivī

地

earth

pṛthivī-saṃjñā

地想

ideation of earth

pudgala-dṛṣṭi

我見/ 人見

the “person”-view

pūjālābhasatkāra

供養恭敬

offering, gain and honour

puruṣājanya

吉祥士

the excellent among men

puruṣottama

士中尊

the supreme among men

pūrvaka

過去

previous

rāga

貪

greed

rasa

味

taste

ṛddhi

神通

super-normal power

rūpa-ādi-saṃjñaka-vastu

色等想事

object-base with ideation of form etc.

rūpa-ādi-saṃjñaka-dharmāḥ

色等想法

dharma-s with ideation of form etc.

rūpa-ādi-ātmaka

色等自性

nature of form etc.

rūpa-saṃjñaka

色想

the ideation of form

rūpin

有色

material

śabda

聲

sound

sabrahmacārin

同梵行者

fellow spiritual practitioners

saddharma

正法

the true Dharma

saddharma-pratirūpaka

像似正法

semblance of the true Dharma

śaithilika

慢緩

be slack

sakṛt

頓

abruptly

samanupaśyati

正觀

properly observes

samanveṣate

求

seeks

samāropa

增益

superimposition

samāropa-apavādikā dṛṣṭi

增益損減見

view of superimposition and negation

samāsatas

略

briefly

samasta

總

in summary

saṃbhāva

當生

coming into being

saṃjñā

想

ideation/ notion

saṃketa

假立

linguistic agreement

saṃkleśa

雜染

defilement

saṃkliṣṭa-citta

雜染心

defiled thought/ defiled mind

saṃsāra-anugata

隨逐生死

attendant in saṃsāra

saṃsāra-saṃsṛti

流轉生死

revolving/ flowing around/ circling in saṃsāra

saṃśaya

疑惑

doubt

saṃskārāḥ

行

conditioning forces

saṃskṛta

有為

conditioned

saṃstava

串習

familiarity/ habits

saṃtiṣṭhate

住

remains

samucchrayaviśeṣa

尊貴殊勝

specific exaltation

samudānayati

成辦

accomplishes

saṃvara

律儀

restraint

saṃvṛta

防護

restrained

saṃvṛti

世俗

convention

saṃvṛti-satya

世俗諦

conventional truth

samyak-darśin

正觀察

seeing correctly

samyak parijñāna

正了知

perfect understanding

samyak prajñā

正慧

perfect wisdom

samyak-sarva-dharma-pravicayāḥ

一切正法思擇

proper investigations of all dharma-s

sandhāya-vacana

密意言義

implicit teaching

sanidarśana

有見

visible

sanniśrita

依止

well-supported

sarva-jñatva-hetu

一切智因

the cause of omniscience

sarva-jñeyasya jñāna

一切所知境智

knowledge of all knowable

sarva-saṃjñā

一切想

ideation of all

sarva-sattva-bhājana-lokānām

一切有情世間及器世間

all sentient beings and the receptacle worlds

sarvatā

一切性

totality

sarvatra-vaśin

普於一切得自在

mastery over everything

sarva-vaināśika

壞諸法者

the complete nihilist

sarva-vidyā-sthāna

一切明處

all aspects of sciences

sarva-vidyā-sthāna-kauśalya

諸明處一切善巧

skilfulness of all areas of knowledge

sāsrava

有漏

with outflow

sat

智者

the good one

satkāya-dṛṣṭi

薩迦耶見

true-self-view

satya-abhisamaya

聖諦現觀

direct realization of the Truths

senā

軍

army

śikṣā-mārga-saṃgṛhītā

學道所攝

included in the Path of Training

śikṣā-pada

學處

the training instructions

śikṣate

學

trains

skandha-mātra

唯有諸蘊

mere-aggregates

skandha-vinirmukta-pudgala-abhāva-darśana

異蘊補特伽羅無性見

vision of the non-existence of the person apart from the aggregates

spraṣṭavya

觸

tangible

śramaṇa

沙門

a recluse

śreṣṭha

勝

superior

śrotra

耳

ear

śruta

所聞

heard

strī-puruṣa-paricaryā

男女承事

courtship between men and women

sugambhīra-artha-gocara

最甚深義所行境界

activity domain of very profound meaning

sugṛhītā śūnyatā

善取空

emptiness properly-grasped

śūnyatā

空性/ 空

emptiness

śūnyatā-adhimokṣa

空勝解

the resolute conviction in emptiness

supratividdha

妙善通達

well penetrated

susamāhita-citta

心善定

well equipoised mind

suvicita-niścita-jñāna-gocara

極善思擇決定智所行

the well-examined and determined activity domain of knowledge

suviśuddha

已善淨

well-purified

svabhāva

自性

intrinsic nature

svabhāva-prajñapti-eṣaṇā-āgata

自性假立尋思所引

derived from the investigation of designation into intrinsic nature

svabhāva-prajñapti-mātra

唯自性假立

mere designation of self-nature

svabhāva-prajñapti-paryeṣaṇā

自性假立尋思

investigation of the designation of intrinsic nature

svabhāva-vikalpa

自性分別

discrimination of intrinsic nature

svadṛṣṭi

自見

self-view

svalakṣaṇa-prajñapti

假立自相

designation in terms of the intrinsic characteristics

svapna

夢

dream

svavikalpa-prasiddha

自分別共所成立

universially established by one’s conceptualization

svenāśaya

意樂

own intention

tadanya

餘

another

tad-anya-sarva-dṛṣṭi-mūla

一切餘見根本

the root of all other views

tad-anya-sarva-māna-mūla

一切餘慢根本

the root of all other conceit

tād-ātmya

其自性

the self-nature of that

tadgata-guṇa-adarśinaḥ

不見其功德

does not see the virtues pertaining to it

tārkika

能尋思者

one who is investigative

tāsu tāsu jātiṣu

彼彼生中

in this and that births

tathāgata-jñāna-adhigamāya

能證如來妙智

for the attainment of the Tathāgata‘s knowledge

tathatā

真如

Suchness

tathatā-mātra

唯真如

mere-suchness

tathā-tathā

如是如是

correspondingly

tattva

真實

reality

tattvārtha

真實義

reality-object

tattvārtha-gocara-jñāna

真實義所行處智

knowledge of the domain of activity of reality object

tejas

火

fire

trivastu-janaka

能生三事

generator of the three object-bases

tṛṣṇā

貪愛

craving

tulyādhika

若等若增

equal or more

tyāga

能捨

forsaking

ubhaya-viparīta

俱相違

that which is neither of the two

udaka-candra

水月

moon in the water

udaya-vyaya-pratisaṃyuktā prajñā

生滅相應慧

wisdom associated with the arising and ceasing

udgṛhīta

取

grasped

unnatim

自貢高

arrogant

upacāra

詮表

figurative expression

upādānīya

有取

grasping

upadarśayati

示現

displays

upakrama

害緣

detriment

upalabhyate

可得

apperceived

upaparīkṣya

觀察

investigated

upapatti-sādhana-yukti

證成道理

establishment based on cogent evidence

upārambha

難詰

blaming

upasaṃhita

所引

connected

upatāpa-vipratipatti

侵惱

vexations and transgressions

upekṣā

捨

equanimity

utkṣipati

取

grasps

utpāda

生

arising

utpannotpanna

隨所生起

repeatedly arise

utsāhavān

有所堪能

persevering

uttama

最勝

the most supreme

uttāna

了

clarify

uttrasyati

深怖畏

become frightened

vaikalya

闕

deficiency

vaira

怨嫌

hostility

vana

林

forest

vardhate

增長

develops

vastra

衣

garment

vastu

事

object-base

vastu-eṣaṇā-āgata

事尋思所引

derived from the investigation into an object-base

vastu-mātra

唯事

mere-object-base

vastu-mātra-paramārtha

唯事勝義

ultimate mere-object-base

vastu-paryeṣaṇā

事尋思

investigation of object-base

vāyu

風

wind

vedanā

受

feeling

vibhava

除遣

subduing

vicakṣaṇa

性黠慧

wise

vicikitsā

疑難

doubts

vihāra-praśāntatā

住最靜

the fact of the tranquility of state

vijñāna

識

consciousness

vijñāta

所知

cognized

vikalpa

分別

discrimination

vikalpa-adhiṣṭhāna

分別所依

support of the discrimination

vikalpa-prapañca-adhiṣṭhāna

分別戲論所依

the support for the discrimination of conceptual proliferation

vikalpa-prapañca-ālambana

分別戲論所緣

discrimination of the conceptual proliferation of the cognitive object

vimukta-jñāna

解脫智

knowledge which is freed of hindrance

vineya

所化(有情)

the one to be guided

vipādayati

敗壞

destroys

viparyāsa-pratyupasthāpanā-dṛṣṭi

現前顛倒見

manisfestation of the topsy-turvy view

visaṃvādayati

虛誑

speaks falsely

viṣaya

境界

object-field

viśeṣa

差別

difference

viśeṣa-prajñapti-eṣaṇā-āgata

差別假立尋思所引

derived from the investigation of the designation into difference

viśeṣa-prajñapti-mātra

唯差別假立

mere designation of difference

viśeṣa-prajñapti-paryāya

差別假立門

perspective of the designation of difference

viśeṣa-prajñapti-paryeṣaṇā

差別假立尋思

investigation of the designation of differences

viśeṣa-vikalpa

差別分別

discrimination of differences

vistareṇa yāvat

廣說乃至

extensively/ up to

viśuddhatva

清淨

purity

vitarka

尋思

reasoning

vitatha

虛妄

untrue

vivāda

諍訟

dispute

vivṛta

開

expose

vṛtta-skhalita-samudācāra

犯禁現行

manifestations of disciplinary transgressions

vyavasthāna

安立

establishment

vyaya

滅

ceasing

vyāyāma

精勤營務

effort

yācita

求請

requested

yānatraya

三乘

the Three Vehicles

yathā-śaktyā yathā-balam

隨能隨力

to the extent of his ability to the extent of his power

yathā-bhūtam

如實

truly as they are

yathā-bhūta-parijñāna

如實智

true knowledge of seeing things as they really are

yathā-pūrva-nirdiṣṭa

如前說

as previously pointed out

yathāvad-bhāvikatā

如所有性

the state of their being existents in the manner as they are

yāvad-bhāvikatā

盡所有性

the state of the full extent of being existents

yukta-artha-paṇḍita

道理義聰叡者

one who is reasonable and wise

yukti-prasiddha

道理極成

established through reasoning/ logic